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Transport Accident Commission
TAC has a set fee for Social Work services which includes Trauma, Loss, Grief counselling. Individual or family counselling. You will need a clam number and TAC approval to commence counselling.
Can the TAC fund Counselling services provided by a social worker?Where a TAC client suffers a severe injury as a result of a transport accident, the TAC will consider funding counselling services provided by a social worker. Can the TAC fund Counselling services where a friend or family member is present?The TAC can fund counselling services, where a friend or family member is present, if the client’s rehabilitation may be assisted by the presence of friends or family members during counselling sessions provided to the client. Can the TAC fund Family Counselling services provided by a social worker?Where a TAC client dies or sustains a severe injury as a result of a transport accident, the TAC can fund a social worker to provide family counselling services in accordance with the TAC's policy on family counselling. Family counselling is limited to a maximum amount per claim.
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Exploring Road Trauma
victim responses&worker interventions.
Nowhere is the ripple effect of loss and grief felt as strongly as in the area
of road trauma. It is often acknowledged that for or
every road death, an average of thirteen people are significantly affected;
family, friend & whole communities [multiple tragedies].
(Haywood, Margaret 1998: 228)
Victims of road trauma include persons of the accident, victim’s families,
emergency services workers and close friends to victims.
Road trauma is a specialist field of practice, and also a needed area for more
trauma workers. It is therefore quite desirable
that the budding road trauma worker acquires knowledge of the nature of trauma
as well as road victim’s traumatic responses.
The worker will then be able to utilise appropriate theoretical and practical
interventions, so that the worker can be an
effective element in the survivor’s rehabilitation.
Mark Logan 2004
CONTENTS: ·
Defining Trauma. ·
The nature of Road Trauma. -
Pre impact -
Post impact / Event & Narratives. ·
Psychology of Road Trauma. ·
PTSD. ·
Interventions in Road Trauma [summary of literature] -
Acute Interventions. -
Post acute Interventions. · Conclusion.
What does the word trauma mean? A simple thesaurus search of trauma, in the
noun, or defining context will offer the reader terms such as shock,
disturbance, upset, ordeal, suffering, pain, strain, distress and damage. The
Mosby’s medical dictionary (1994:1581) defines trauma as, The term traumatic is an adjective or describing word of trauma. As just noted by Stroebe et al, identifying the nature or character of ones trauma experience, contributes directly to the use of the term traumatic. From this point the reader will note the use of both trauma and traumatic where required, in its respective context. the nature of ROAD Trauma. Most people will associate the term Road Trauma [RT] to motor vehicle accidents [MVA’s], however RT also includes modes of transport (TAC 2004: online) such as rail, tram, motorbikes, pushbikes, scooters, and pedestrians. Road trauma is also used in identifying or classifying ones accident type, injury type or death association [x was injured in a MVA, x is suffering from road trauma, cause of death was fatal traumatic brain injury caused by a MVA]. The following outlines an example to the reader, the body’s response to the pre-event, pre trauma stage of being the victim in a motor vehicle accident. Pre impact / event.
Imagine that you are happily going about your day, driving down a highway you
are quite familiar with, then the car coming towards you seems to swerve all
over the highway, you have nowhere to go. Immediately the body’s natural
defence mechanisms kick in. Adrenaline is released, breathing and blood pressure
increases, there is an immediate heighten state of awareness, blood rushes from
the peripheries to enhance the function of, and protect vital organs such as the
brain, heart, kidneys and lungs. Then
just at the point of impact you freeze up, your muscles and joints lock up, as
the fear for your life becomes a reality, then……you have just become another
road statistic. In your drowsy pained state, you find yourself looking around
the scene. Your body is broken and your first thought is ‘is everyone ok?’.
Immediately on impact or you and or other persons at the scene will be suffering
from psychological and physical trauma; cuts, bruising, fractures, brain injury,
ruptured organs, amputation, crush injuries and death! nowhere
is the ripple effect of loss and grief felt as strongly as in the area of road
trauma. It is often acknowledged that for every road death, an average of
thirteen people are significantly affected; family, friend & whole
communities [multiple tragedies]. (Haywood, M 1998: 228).
Kleber
R, Figley C and Gersons B (1995:80) describe this as secondary traumatic stress.
The author demonstrates the impact road trauma can have
on anyone, by placing the reader in the ‘anyone’ seat. The following are
factual accounts of accidents within the author’s region. The author asks the
reader to walk with these families and victims. Consider your own personal
reaction to reading these true events.
1)
Two
young teenagers are out joyriding with friends. They stop off at their
parent’s house to grab jackets to see them through the night.
“you know I love you mum” and gives a kiss. [mother] “that’s strange,
she never says that. Later
that night, a knock at the door is heard, it’s the police!
“your
daughter has been involved in a high speed car accident
and she did not survive”. The two very
young teenage girls, and 2 other people in the car were near crushed beyond
recognition, dental identification was required. Estimated speed of impact was
160km/h. The car was airborne on impact! The car was found up an old gum tree
and the motor was pushed through to the back seat. [the
author lived in the same street as this family] 2) A driver stops for lights at a railway crossing. The driver observes a man walking on the tracks. Just as the train approached, the man on the tracks looked at the driver, smiled then stood in front of the train. The driver watched in horror, as she was witness to suicide and dismemberment before her eyes.
4) A mother stops at a shop and asks her 2½ year old to stay in the car. As the mother walked towards the shop, the little girl opened the door on the roadside and stepped out onto a busy main road into the path of a car, killing her instantly. 5)
A family of four and an international student was returning home from an outing.
The seventeen year old learner driver was behind the wheel of a Clubsport V8
Commodore. For some unknown reason the car started swerving on the highway
towards an oncoming light truck. The car collided, slid into the truck, side on
[passenger side] at high speed. Killed instantly was the father, mother and
sister, and when the emergency services arrived all they could do was offer pain
relief to the driver and friend [back seat] in their last minutes of life. An
entire family almost wiped out bar for the eldest child commencing a life with
no family. Post impact / event. In these scenarios lies a complex mix of physiological and psychological issues for those involved in RT. For the victims and survivors of road trauma, the impact of road trauma events, leave lifelong physical and mental scars. The
personal psychological affects of motor vehicle accidents on survivors vary
greatly according to their traumatic experience and coping methods. A study by
Watts R, Dennis A, and Battisel L, (1997: 29) examined
road trauma victims in their immediate, acute care phase of their ordeal and
concluded that,
‘30%
of people [driver to witness and injured to uninjured] involved in serious motor
vehicle accidents are at risk of sustaining clinically significant post
traumatic reactions, and one-fifth suffer persistent psychiatric
problems such as acute stress disorder, intrusive thoughts and or
develop PTSD months later’. Physical injuries are almost always evident after an accident. As injured victims attempt to deal with their injuries, they also have to deal with the psychological symptoms as well. Blaszczzynski A, Panasetis P, and Silove D (1998: 16) reported that victims psychological affect directly impacts on physical recovery. Further literature supports the idea that acute depression and anxiety are also key hindering factors in recovery and rehabilitation. Depression may lower the victim’s motivation to undergo or comply with rehabilitation instructions, and lower pain thresholds. A video produced by the Road Trauma Support Team (2003: AV) sets out to give personal accounts on the affects road trauma has had on them. Andrew was a participant on the RTST interview. Andrew eventually lost both legs in a head on collision. During his rehabilitation, he wouldn’t listen to anyone with two legs, he stated that, ‘I felt depressed…my self pity made my recovery worse’. It wasn’t until Andrew met another amputee [walking towards him] that he turned his life around. Another issue identified in this video, and in various literature (Mitchell, M 1997: 200; Fullerton C and Ursano R, 1997: 59), is that of the witness’s psychological state. No one denies that the injured victim gets treated for both physical and psychological symptoms in hospital and as an outpatient, but what of the uninjured? One must also consider the ‘other person’ as a victim of road trauma. The passenger, bystander, witness, emergency services worker and even the driver who kills the pedestrian or bike rider. The author impresses on the reader that although the ‘other person’ involved may appear to be not a priority for medical care [if not obviously injured], they indeed warrant psychosocial support (Jeavons, Sue 2001: 128). Abbey was a witness, to a car and truck head on collision at 100km (RTST: AV). Abbey describes how she watched her friend be crushed by a truck as it slammed into her car, just moments after saying goodbye to her. Twelve months later; Abby was still having intrusive images of the severely disfigured and dead bodies in the car. Abby also stated that she felt helpless, she couldn’t do anything for the victims, and this hurts her greatly. This witness [victim] tells of her anguish and anger towards onlookers at the time of the accident. ‘Very
few people offered comfort to myself or my colleagues despite the crowd of
onlookers (at least 60-70 people). Even the television crew were more interested
in obtaining worthy shots of the accident scene than helping us innocent
victims, who are in deep shock. RTST (2004: online).
Emergency services workers are not immune to the affects of road trauma, as explained by Kleber R, Figley C and Gersons B (1995: 90) when seventeen counsellors developed anxiety disorders [boating] after counselling survivors of the Herald of Free Enterprise ferry capsize (1990-91?). They would not go on a boat or ferry for many months. A good explanation of vicarious traumatisation. Further examples are given in the story of victim 2 [previously noted]. After the train / pedestrian suicide, the driver was taken to hospital due to severe shock. This driver would not drive down this road or over this railway crossing for 3 months. The driver would begin shaking and trembling at the thought of even considering going that way. The driver suffered nightmares and recurrent images of the incident she witnessed. Research into the effects of road trauma on accident victims (Stallard, P, Velleman, R; Baldwin, S 1998: 1) showed that Victims often speak of continually seeing flashbacks of the collision and having nightmares. Victims also tended to avoid reliving the experience amongst other victims involved [revisiting the event]. Also, victims who perceived the event as life threatening were more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder in later months. There are many more stories that highlight survivor issues and concerns, however the question of how best to deal with survivor symptomology needs addressing. From here we will look at the psychology of road trauma. Psychology of Road Trauma
Road trauma has both physical and psychological impacts. One theme that was mentioned in the previous section is that of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD]. The Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders [DSM] and its versions are used by mental health professionals to help classify a person’s presenting symptomology and psychological illness thus offering a diagnosis. From this diagnosis, the correct treatment and care path can be offered to the client which includes, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and other means to which help the client cope with or deal with their symptoms. The following section is taken from the DSM-IV (1994: 424-29). Diagnostic criteria for 309.81 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
A.
The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following
were present: (1)
The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events
that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the
physical integrity of self or others. (2)
The person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Note: In
children, this may be expressed instead by disorganized or agitated behavior. (1) Recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions. Note: In young children, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the trauma are expressed. (2)
Recurrent distressing dreams of the event. Note: In children, there may be
frightening dreams without recognisable content. (3) Acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and dissociative flashback episodes, including those that occur on awakening or when intoxicated). Note: In young children, trauma-specific re-enactment may occur. (4) Intense’ psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event. (5)
Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolise
or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event. (1)
Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with the
trauma. (2)
Efforts to avoid activities, places, or people that arouse recollections of the
trauma. (3)
Inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma. (4)
Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities. (5)
Feeling of detachment or estrangement from others. (6)
Restricted range of affect (e.g., unable to have loving feelings). (7)
Sense of a foreshortened future (e.g., does not expect to have a career,
marriage, children, or a normal life span). D.
Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the trauma), as
indicated by two (or more) of the following: (1)
Difficulty falling or staying asleep. (2)
Irritability or outbursts of anger. (3)
Difficulty concentrating. (4)
Hypervigilance. (5)
Exaggerated
startle response. E.
Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in Criteria B, C, and D) is more
than 1 month. Specify
if: Acute:
if
duration of symptoms is less than 3 months.
Chronic: if duration of symptoms is 3 months or more With
Delayed Onset: if
onset of symptoms is at least 6 months after the stressor The DSM-IIIR definition of PTSD took little account of road trauma victims (Mitchell, M 1997: 41), it largely considered motor vehicle victims psychological responses as falling within the realm of ‘normal stress’ to their experiences. Fortunately the definition and diagnostic criteria of PTSD within the DSM-IV (1994: 424-9) now looks more favourably to the road trauma victim their families and friends (Fullerton C and Ursano R 1997: 7). Research on individuals seeking treatment and individuals in the general population suggests that the majority of those who survive a serious MVA do not develop mental-health problems that warrant professional treatment. However, a substantial minority of MVA survivors do suffer and require specialist help! This group suffer from Depression, Acute Stress Disorder, and specific anxiety disorders and phobias relevant to their traumatic experience (DSM-IV 1994: 393; Buckley T 2004: 1; Blaszczzynski A, Panasetis P, and Silove D, 1998: 16). The DSM-IV (1994: 427) goes on to explain that Acute stress disorder, although having the same symptoms; is distinguished from PTSD because the symptoms must occur within 4 weeks of the traumatic event and resolve within that 4 week time frame. However, if the symptoms persist, then the diagnosis of PTSD should be given. A study by Mayou et al (2000) in Matthew Large (2001: 1) found that, Post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety and depression were more common
at 3 months in those who had definitely been unconscious…only those people
with very severe injuries, particularly those involving loss of consciousness,
were associated with an increased rate of claims for psychiatric injury. There
was no association found between claims for psychiatric injury and severity of
physical injuries, except among those most severely injured. A
diagnosis assists the victim in giving a name to their group of symptoms
experienced, and is also needed if the victim wishes to claim for compensatory
purposes. While this paper may appear to suggest that all road trauma victims
suffer PTSD, this is not the intention. It is also important to note that not
all victims of road trauma seek compensation for psychiatric injury. Interventions in road truama. The effects of road trauma are immediate. This paper has shown that Road trauma causes physical injuries and psychological illness. Since the author is not an authority in trauma counselling and therapy, the author will offer the reader strategies from various readings. The following list identifies common elements of PsychoSocial features / symptoms that Road Trauma Victim’s exhibit, talk about or have to deal with from the time of the event to years later. * Near Death of oneself. * Death of a loved one or unknown persons. Leading to grief and loss issues. * Witnessing or experiencing horrific physical injuries. * Loss of function due to injury or psychological response. * Depression, anxiety, phobias. * Re-experiencing the event - intrusive images / memories. * Fear of litigation [hit & run] * Loss of income. * Loss of occupation. * Social circle isolation. * Life changing event. [traumatic life event] * Life will never be the same after this experience. * Responsive to triggers / stimuli, so they try to avoid associated stimuli. * Difficulty falling asleep. It
can be seen from this list, that the DSM-IV criterion for diagnosis of PTSD and
Anxiety disorder would be highly considered. For the trauma worker, the question
remains as to what methods, or intervention will be of
most benefit to the victim. Blaszczzynski A, Panasetis P, and Silove D, (1998:
82) comment that, road trauma survivors feel as though they can cope on their
own. RT survivors avoid people, places and activities that remind them of the
event. They become socially isolated and withdrawn, and often turn to drugs and
alcohol to help numb the pain and memories. It
seems quite obvious from this statement that victims should be encouraged to
seek professional psychiatric, or psychological support for the management of
psychological, biological symptomology. However, it is also important for the
trauma worker to ensure that survivors of road trauma build upon and are
able to maintain social supports and networks, with Family, Friends and
support groups like RTST. This should begin from the acute stage of their trauma
experience through to the chronic-ongoing stage [re-experiencing!]. This
psycho-social care approach assists the client to move towards some degree of
normality and purpose in life. ACUTE INTERVENTIONS. At all stages of road trauma therapy, it is important to remember that
the victim has experienced traumatic Loss [function, psyche] and or Death. As
such, appropriate grief and loss frameworks should be used along side
current trauma intervention models such as InVivo and Imaginal Exposure Therapy
. Restating
to the reader the importance of family and friendship throughout recovery, the
author offers the reader a final word from Dr Beverley Raphael (1995: 26). ‘Loss
can lead to growth…When families come together and share the grief experience,
quite positive changes are likely to accompany the distress, strengthening the
family unit and all members. Families soon recognise formerly unrealised
potential and a shared conviction that they can survive any adversity…In
hearing their pain, we[trauma worker] validate their courage, their struggle and
their strength’. The author wishes to acknowledge that this paper is an overview and generalised exploration or Road trauma for the beginning road trauma worker. The author recognises that specific approaches for dealing with the traumatised child, has not been covered. However the author refers the reader to the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health website to which further reference to this topic may be sought. http://www.acpmh.unimelb.edu.au/mentalhealth/childrenandtrauma.html
PERSONAL CONCLUSION. The author has a personal interest in Road trauma, not only due to the high number of critical and fatal accidents in his region, but also due to the authors own traumatic Road trauma event in 1989, that left his car destroyed, subsequently leaving his brother and a friend in hospital with significant injuries. It is not the intention to of this paper to be viewed as a comprehensive guide to road trauma intervention, far from it. It was the author’s intention to explore the nature of road trauma from the lived narrative perspective utilising relevant literature to support subject matter addressed ie; psychology of road trauma.
REFERENCES 1. Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (2003) ‘Children and trauma; post trauma symptoms in children’. [online] Available: http://www.acpmh.unimelb.edu.au/mentalhealth/childrenAndTrauma.html [accessed 28 Aug 2004] 2.
Blaszczzynski Alex,
Panasetis Paula, and Silove Derrick (1998) ‘The Road Ahead: A Self Help
Guide for Road Trauma Sufferes and their carers’. 3. Buckley, Todd (2003) ‘Traumatic stress and motor vehicle accidents a national centre for PTSD fact sheet’. [online] Available: http://www.ncptsd.org/facts/specific/fs_mva.html [accessed 16 July 2004] 4.
DSM-IV (1994) ‘Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder’ in Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental
Disorders: DSM-IV. 4th ed. 5.
Fullerton
C and Ursano R (1997) ‘Posttraumatic Stress Disorder : Acute and long term
responses to trauma and disaster’. 6.
Geldard
D (1998) ‘Basic Personal Counselling’. 3rd ed. 7. Jeavons, Sue (2001) ‘Long term needs of motor vehicle accident victims : are they being met?’ Australian Health Review, [online] 24 [1] 128-135. Available: Informit. 8. Haywood, Margaret (1998) ‘Road Trauma: Dealing with Loss and Grief’. Journal of Family Studies [4] 2: 228-229. Available: Informit. 9. Kleber Rolf, Figley Charles and Gersons Berthold (1995) ‘Beyond Trauma: Cultural and Societal Dynamics’. NewYork : Plenum publishing. 10.
Large,
Matthew (2001) ‘Relationship
between compensation claims for psychiatric injury and severity of physical
injuries from motor vehicle accidents’. Medical
Journal 11.
Mayou
R, Ehlers A, 12.
Mitchell, Margaret (1997)
‘The aftermath of Road Accidents: Psychological, social and legal consequences
of an everyday trauma’. 13.
Mosby’s : Trauma (1994)
‘Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and
Allied Health Dictionary’. 4th Ed. Mosby : 14.
Road Trauma Support Team (2004)
‘Personal Stories: Witnessing a fatal crash. A member's experience’.
[online] Available: http://home.vicnet.net.au/~rtstvic/
[accessed June 20 2004] 15.
Road Trauma Support Team (2002) ‘ 16.
Raphael,
Beverley, Meldrum,
Lenore. (1995)
‘Does debriefing after psychological trauma
work?’ British Medical Journal. (International edition). Jun 10 [310]6993:1479.Available: Proquest 5000. 17.
SOAD 9048 (2004) Figley,
CR (1985) in ‘Section 1, Introduction
; history; trauma grief connections’. [lecture notes]
Flinders University
: Sth Aust. 18. SOAD 9048 (2004) Stroebe, Schut & Stroebe (1998: 82-3) in ’Section 1, Introduction ; history; trauma grief connections’. [lecture notes] 19. SOAD 9048 (2004) Behrman, G & Reid, W (2002: 40) in ’Section 3, Vulnerability and growth factors; Trauma of refugees’.
[lecture notes] Flinders
20. Stallard, Paul, Velleman, Richard and Baldwin, Sarah (1998) ‘Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents’. British Medical Journal.[online] 12 December 317: 1619-1623. Available: Proquest 5000. 21. Transport Accident Commission (2004) ‘Making a claim: Benefits TAC pays’. [online] Available: http://www.tac.vic.gov.au/tac/00000242.nsf/WebNavPages/Making+a+claimBenefits+TAC+Pays?OpenDocument&Collapse=2 [accessed 2 July 2004] 22. Watts R, Dennis A, and Battisel L (1997) ‘Social Work intervention in acute care after Road Trauma. Australian Social Work. [online] June [50] 2: 29-34. Available: Informit.
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What is Reiki? Rei means Spiritual. Ki means energy. Reiki uses a special form of 'ki' (Japanese for Qi or energy) to rebalance and then charge the body's energy system. Reiki is often described as a relaxation and meditation method that promotes healing.
Is Reiki harmful? NO. There are no harmful side effects reported from Reiki healing. In fact Reiki has the ability to accelerate thehealing process. After a Reiki treatment you may feel better straight away or a little uneasy, as universal energy tries to restore your natural energy balance. Ex: As wounds to our skin heal it gets a little itchy and uncomfortable, this is when we know that the healing process is taking place. Reiki will start the healing process in the very first session. During the days following your session, your body will continue the healing process. You can help this process by spending at least 10 mins a day sitting quietly in meditation. By the second and third session people often return saying how much better they feel in mind, body and spirit.
Before treatment. If you have decided to attend a Reiki session well done. Please spend a few days prior to your session thinking about what areas you feel needs working on. Mind/Emotions, Body/illnesses, Spirit/Life journey. It is good practice to eat and drink healthy prior to coming. Feel free to explore Reiki on the internet or in books.
Actual Session. Come in comfortable clothing. Reiki energy can move beyond clothing and jewelry [however no electrical items to be worn]. You are welcome to bring a friend or family member to observe if you wish. On the day of your session we will talk briefly about those areas you have thought about. All you need to do in your Reiki session is come with a little faith that inner peace and harmony will come from your session.
Seven Major chakras.
How is Reiki channeled? I will move my hands to each major and minor chakra from head to toe. Guided by universal energies, I will either hover over a chakra or gently lay hands on you or your clothing. You will spend your healing time lying down on a well padded Reiki table in meditation. It is often described as a pleasant relaxing time. You may feel some tingling, stomach rumbling, twitches etc. According to many Asian and Eastern cultures, Reiki is channeled from universal energy, in through your crown chakra [top of head] and down through other chakras throughout your body clearing energy blockages. A Reiki treatment enables your energy to flow more freely from one part of your body to the next.
After treatment. I will sit with you while you regain your awareness. No medical diagnosis is made in Reiki. It is common that emotions or feelings can sometimes shift in the days following a treatment. This is nothing to worry about. Remember this is a sign that healing on many levels is taking place. History. I was born in Melbourne 1970. From a very young age I was universally initiated towards spiritual awareness. I have a diary upon request. I has been a spiritual teacher and guide to many people over past 20 years. Currently I operate a counseling practice 5 days per week. Is soul journey towards enlightenment has taken him to learn Reiki.
Lineage. I have been guided by Reiki Master Jeremy O’Carroll www.om-reiki.com.au Jeremy’s Reiki lineage can be directly traced back to Mikao Usui. [Founder Usui Reiki]. I is also a member of Australian Reiki practitioners registering body Australian Reiki Connections. Mark's qualifications. 2000 BaNursing [LaTrobe Uni] RN Div 1 2004 Musubi-Do Martial Arts - Shodan. 2007 BaSocial Work [LaTrobe Uni] MHSW, MAASW[Acc] 2007 Post Grad Cert- Loss, Grief, Trauma Counselling [Flinders Uni]. 2010 Advanced level Mediator. 2011 Reiki I & II. Usui Reiki Ryoho
Long Gully Neighbourhood Centre. 2 Humbolt Dve, Long Gully, Bendigo 3550
Wedesdays 85 Wills St Bendigo.
Postal: PO Box 2, Nth Bendigo 3550 Fax: 0390124289 Mobile: 0439-996008 Email: totality@affectconsulting.com.auwww.affectconsulting.com.au/totality
Dec 2011 - Jun2012:
[Intro talk, Reiki session, Closing talk].
Re-energise...$40 - 1/2 hr, Full Reiki...$70 -1 Hr. available for school fairs / community events at reduced rates.
Affect is a term used in the
mental health field that means:
1.A pattern of observable behaviour. 2.An outward manifestation of a persons feelings. 3.To influence changes in emotion.
We are a Bendigo council recognised child friendly service. Last updated 5.12.2011 HG
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